Showing posts with label History. Show all posts
Showing posts with label History. Show all posts

Aug 4, 2012

Misteri Ratu Pantai Selatan






Di suatu masa, hiduplah seorang putri cantik bernama Kadita. Karena kecantikannya, ia pun dipanggil Dewi Srengenge yang berarti matahari yang indah. Dewi Srengenge adalah anak dari Raja Munding Wangi. Meskipun sang raja mempunyai seorang putri yang cantik, ia selalu bersedih karena sebenarnya ia selalu berharap mempunyai anak laki-laki. Raja pun kemudian menikah dengan Dewi Mutiara, dan mendapatkan putra dari perkimpoian tersebut. Maka, bahagialah sang raja.

Dewi Mutiara ingin agar kelak putranya itu menjadi raja, dan ia pun berusaha agar keinginannya itu terwujud. Kemudian Dewi Mutiara datang menghadap raja, dan meminta agar sang raja menyuruh putrinya pergi dari istana. Sudah tentu raja menolak. "Sangat menggelikan. Saya tidak akan membiarkan siapapun yang ingin bertindak kasar pada putriku", kata Raja Munding Wangi. Mendengar jawaban itu, Dewi Mutiara pun tersenyum dan berkata manis sampai raja tidak marah lagi kepadanya. Tapi walaupun demikian, dia tetap berniat mewujudkan keinginannya itu.

Pada pagi harinya, sebelum matahari terbit, Dewi Mutiara mengutus pembantunya untuk memanggil seorang dukun. Dia ingin sang dukun mengutuk Kadita, anak tirinya. "Aku ingin tubuhnya yang cantik penuh dengan kudis dan gatal-gatal. Bila engkau berhasil, maka aku akan memberikan suatu imbalan yang tak pernah kau bayangkan sebelumnya." Sang dukun menuruti perintah sang ratu. Pada malam harinya, tubuh Kadita telah dipenuhi dengan kudis dan gatal-gatal. Ketika dia terbangun, dia menyadari tubuhnya berbau busuk dan dipenuhi dengan bisul. Puteri yang cantik itu pun menangis dan tak tahu harus berbuat apa.

Ketika Raja mendengar kabar itu, beliau menjadi sangat sedih dan mengundang banyak tabib untuk menyembuhkan penyakit putrinya. Beliau sadar bahwa penyakit putrinya itu tidak wajar, seseorang pasti telah mengutuk atau mengguna-gunainya. Masalah pun menjadi semakin rumit ketika Ratu Dewi Mutiara memaksanya untuk mengusir puterinya. "Puterimu akan mendatangkan kesialan bagi seluruh negeri," kata Dewi Mutiara. Karena Raja tidak menginginkan puterinya menjadi gunjingan di seluruh negeri, akhirnya beliau terpaksa menyetujui usul Ratu Mutiara untuk mengirim putrinya ke luar dari negeri itu.

Puteri yang malang itu pun pergi sendirian, tanpa tahu kemana harus pergi. Dia hampir tidak dapat menangis lagi. Dia memang memiliki hati yang mulia. Dia tidak menyimpan dendam kepada ibu tirinya, malahan ia selalu meminta agar Tuhan mendampinginya dalam menanggung penderitaan..

Hampir tujuh hari dan tujuh malam dia berjalan sampai akhirnya tiba di Samudera Selatan. Dia memandang samudera itu. Airnya bersih dan jernih, tidak seperti samudera lainnya yang airnya biru atau hijau. Dia melompat ke dalam air dan berenang. Tiba-tiba, ketika air Samudera Selatan itu menyentuh kulitnya, mukjizat terjadi. Bisulnya lenyap dan tak ada tanda-tanda bahwa dia pernah kudisan atau gatal-gatal. Malahan, dia menjadi lebih cantik daripada sebelumnya. Bukan hanya itu, kini dia memiliki kuasa untuk memerintah seisi Samudera Selatan. Kini ia menjadi seorang peri yang disebut Nyi Roro Kidul atau Ratu Pantai Samudera Selatan yang hidup selamanya.

Kanjeng Ratu Kidul = Ratna Suwinda
Tersebut dalam Babad Tanah Jawi (abad ke-19), seorang pangeran dari Kerajaan Pajajaran, Joko Suruh, bertemu dengan seorang pertapa yang memerintahkan agar dia menemukan Kerajaan Majapahit di Jawa Timur. Karena sang pertapa adalah seorang wanita muda yang cantik, Joko Suruh pun jatuh cinta kepadanya. Tapi sang pertapa yang ternyata merupakan bibi dari Joko Suruh, bernama Ratna Suwida, menolak cintanya. Ketika muda, Ratna Suwida mengasingkan diri untuk bertapa di sebuah bukit. Kemudian ia pergi ke pantai selatan Jawa dan menjadi penguasa spiritual di sana. Ia berkata kepada pangeran, jika keturunan pangeran menjadi penguasa di kerajaan yang terletak di dekat Gunung Merapi, ia akan menikahi seluruh penguasa secara bergantian.


Generasi selanjutnya, Panembahan Senopati, pendiri Kerajaan Mataram Ke-2, mengasingkan diri ke Pantai Selatan, untuk mengumpulkan seluruh energinya, dalam upaya mempersiapkan kampanye militer melawan kerajaan utara. Meditasinya menarik perhatian Kanjeng Ratu Kidul dan dia berjanji untuk membantunya. Selama tiga hari dan tiga malam dia mempelajari rahasia perang dan pemerintahan, dan intrik-intrik cinta di istana bawah airnya, hingga akhirnya muncul dari Laut Parangkusumo, kini Yogyakarta Selatan. Sejak saat itu, Ratu Kidul dilaporkan berhubungan erat dengan keturunan Senopati yang berkuasa, dan sesajian dipersembahkan untuknya di tempat ini setiap tahun melalui perwakilan istana Solo dan Yogyakarta.

Begitulah dua buah kisah atau legenda mengenai Kanjeng Ratu Kidul, atau Nyi Roro Kidul, atau Ratu Pantai Selatan. Versi pertama diambil dari buku Cerita Rakyat dari Yogyakarta dan versi yang kedua terdapat dalam Babad Tanah Jawi. Kedua cerita tersebut memang berbeda, tapi anda jangan bingung. Anda tidak perlu pusing memilih, mana dari keduanya yang paling benar. Cerita-cerita di atas hanyalah sebuah pengatar bagi tulisan selanjutnya.

Kanjeng Ratu Kidul dan Keraton Yogyakarta
Percayakah anda dengan cerita tentang Kanjeng Ratu Kidul, atau Nyi Roro Kidul, atau Ratu Pantai Selatan? Sebagian dari anda mungkin akan berkata TIDAK. Tapi coba tanyakan kepada mereka yang hidup dalam zaman atau lingkungan Keraton Yogyakarta. Mereka yakin dengan kebenaran cerita ini. Kebenaran akan cerita Kanjeng Ratu Kidul memang masih tetap menjadi polemik. Tapi terlepas dari polemik tersebut, ada sebuah fenomena yang nyata, bahwa mitos Ratu Kidul memang memiliki relevansi dengan eksistensi Keraton Yogyakarta. Hubungan antara Kanjeng Ratu Kidul dengan Keraton Yogyakarta paling tidak tercantum dalam Babad Tanah Jawi (cerita tentang kanjeng Ratu Kidul di atas, versi kedua). Hubungan seperti apa yang terjalin di antara keduanya?

Y. Argo Twikromo dalam bukunya berjudul Ratu Kidul menyebutkan bahwa masyarakat adalah sebuah komunitas tradisi yang mementingkan keharmonisan, keselarasan dan keseimbangan hidup. Karena hidup ini tidak terlepas dari lingkungan alam sekitar, maka memfungsikan dan memaknai lingkungan alam sangat penting dilakukan.

Sebagai sebuah hubungan komunikasi timbal balik dengan lingkungan yang menurut masyarakat Jawa mempunyai kekuatan yang lebih kuat, masih menurut Twikromo, maka penggunaan simbol pun sering diaktualisasikan. Jika dihubungkan dengan makhluk halus, maka Javanisme mengenal penguasa makhluk halus seperti penguasa Gunung Merapi, penguasa Gunung Lawu, Kayangan nDelpin, dan Laut Selatan. Penguasa Laut Selatan inilah yang oleh orang Jawa disebut Kanjeng Ratu Kidul. Keempat penguasa tersebut mengitari Kesultanan Yogyakarta. Dan untuk mencapai keharmonisan, keselarasan dan keseimbangan dalam masyarakat, maka raja harus mengadakan komunikasi dengan "makhluk-makhluk halus" tersebut.

Menurut Twikromo, bagi raja Jawa berkomunikasi dengan Ratu Kidul adalah sebagai salah satu kekuatan batin dalam mengelola negara. Sebagai kekuatan datan kasat mata (tak terlihat oleh mata), Kanjeng Ratu Kidul harus dimintai restu dalam kegiatan sehari-hari untuk mendapatkan keselamatan dan ketenteraman.

Kepercayaan terhadap Ratu Kidul ini diaktualisasikan dengan baik. Pada kegiatan labuhan misalnya, sebuah upacara tradisional keraton yang dilaksanakan di tepi laut di selatan Yogyakarta, yang diadakan tiap ulang tahun Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono, menurut perhitungan tahun Saka (tahun Jawa). Upacara ini bertujuan untuk kesejahteraan sultan dan masyarakat Yogyakarta.

Kepercayaan terhadap Kanjeng Ratu Kidul juga diwujudkan lewat tari Bedaya Lambangsari dan Bedaya Semang yang diselenggarakan untuk menghormati serta memperingati Sang Ratu. Bukti lainnya adalah dengan didirikannya sebuah bangunan di Komplek Taman Sari (Istana di Bawah Air), sekitar 1 km sebelah barat Keraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat, yang dinamakan Sumur Gumuling. Tempat ini diyakini sebagai tempat pertemuan sultan dengan Ratu Pantai Selatan, Kanjeng Ratu Kidul.

Penghayatan mitos Kanjeng Ratu Kidul tersebut tidak hanya diyakini dan dilaksanakan oleh pihak keraton saja, tapi juga oleh masyarakat pada umumnya di wilayah kesultanan. Salah satu buktinya adalah adanya kepercayaan bahwa jika orang hilang di Pantai Parangtritis, maka orang tersebut hilang karena "diambil" oleh sang Ratu.

Selain Keraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat, mitos Kanjeng Ratu Kidul juga diyakini oleh saudara mereka, Keraton Surakarta Hadiningrat. Dalam Babad Tanah Jawi memang disebutkan bahwa Kanjeng Ratu Kidul pernah berjanji kepada Panembahan Senopati, penguasa pertama Kerajaan Mataram, untuk menjaga Kerajaan Mataram, para sultan, keluarga kerajaan, dan masyarakat dari malapetaka. Dan karena kedua keraton (Yogyakarta dan Surakarta) memiliki leluhur yang sama (Kerajaan Mataram), maka seperti halnya Keraton Yogyakarta, Keraton Surakarta juga melaksanakan berbagai bentuk penghayatan mereka kepada Kanjeng Ratu Kidul. Salah satunya adalah pementasan tari yang paling sakral di keraton, Bedoyo Ketawang, yang diselenggarakan setahun sekali pada saat peringatan hari penobatan para raja. Sembilan orang penari yang mengenakan pakaian tradisional pengantin Jawa mengundang Ratu Kidul untuk datang dan menikahi susuhunan, dan kabarnya sang Ratu kemudian secara gaib muncul dalam wujud penari kesepuluh yang nampak berkilauan.

Kepercayaan terhadap Ratu Kidul ternyata juga meluas sampai ke daerah Jawa Barat. Anda pasti pernah mendengar, bahwa ada sebuah kamar khusus (nomor 308) di lantai atas Samudera Beach Hotel, Pelabuhan Ratu, yang disajikan khusus untuk Ratu Kidul. Siapapun yang ingin bertemu dengan sang Ratu, bisa masuk ke ruangan ini, tapi harus melalui seorang perantara yang menyajikan persembahan buat sang Ratu. Pengkhususan kamar ini adalah salah satu simbol 'gaib' yang dipakai oleh mantan presiden Soekarno.

Sampai sekarang, di masa yang sangat modern ini, legenda Kanjeng Ratu Kidul, atau Nyi Roro Kidul, atau Ratu Pantai Selatan, adalah legenda yang paling spektakuler. Bahkan ketika anda membaca kisah ini, banyak orang dari Indonesia atau negara lain mengakui bahwa mereka telah bertemu ratu peri yang cantik mengenakan pakaian tradisional Jawa. Salah satu orang yang dikabarkan juga pernah menyaksikan secara langsung wujud sang Ratu adalah sang maestro pelukis Indonesia, (almarhum) Affandi. Pengalamannya itu kemudian ia tuangkan dalam sebuah lukisan.

May 14, 2012

OPINI PUBLIK

TEMA: 
Kecelakaan Transportasi Udara Terjadi lagi

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Hindarkan Berspekulasi, Tingkatkan Evaluasi!

Untuk kesekian kalinya, kecelakaan terjadi lagi di negeri kita. Pesawat udara yang merupakan sarana transpotasi yang notabene highclass dan bagi kalangan masyarakat yang mengutamakan kenyamanan dan efisiensi waktu, kini berubah menjadi ancaman yang menakutkan. Lihatlah jenazah-jenazah di sekitar jurang yang ditemukan secara mengenaskan oleh tim Save and Rescue (SAR). Tidakkah ini merupakan pukulan telak bagi dunia penerbangan yang merupakan sarana penghubung transportasi internasional.

Bagaimana tidak? Sukhoi Super Jet 100 (SSJ100) buatan negara pecahan Uni Sovyet, Rusia tersebut pada Hari Rabu, 9 Mei 2012 menabrak lereng Gunung Salak, Bogor. Kecanggihan dan inovasi yang terus diterapkan pada pesawat yang awal kemunculannya pada tahun 2008 tersebut tidak bisa mengelak pada tragedi naas ini. Apa yang sebenarnya terjadi saat detik-detik kecelakaan tersebut? Banyak pihak berasumsi pada berbagai sektor, baik itu human error, faktor cuaca, dan faktor-faktor lain.

Benarkah seorang Alexander Yablontsev, Pilot SSJ100 yang telah berkiprah di dunia penerbangan selama puluhan tahun serta telah menerbangkan sekitar 221 pesawat itu keliru dalam mengambil keputusan? Apakah pesawat yang tadinya mengudara pada ketinggian 10.000 kaki dari permukaan laut diturunkan menjadi 6.000 kaki dari permukaan laut? Sedangkan ketinggian Gunung Salak berada pada 7.000 kaki.

Selain itu, menurut tayangan berita di salah satu stasiun televisi nasional, yang menjelaskan bahwa komunikasi antara Pilot dan Air Traffic Controller (ATC) terganggu akibat frekuensi radio saat akan terjadi kecelakaan itu. Ataukah faktor cuaca yang mengaburkan penglihatan di sekitas pesawat? Seluruh warga negara hendaklah jangan terlalu banyak berspekulasi apa yang telah terjadi dan penyebab kecelakaan SSJ100 tersebut.

Seharusnya, tunggulah sampai pihak yang berwenang dalam pengidentifikasian kecelakaan pesawat naas ini selesai dan dapat mengumumkan apa yang menjadi titik fatal kecelakaan ini dapat terjadi. Merupakan sebuah pekerjaah bagi pemerintah, khususnya perusahaan penerbangan untuk lebih memprioritaskan keamanan para pengguna pesawat terbang. Benahi segala sudut pesawat, mesin, memaksimalkan sistem komunikasi ATC serta perbaiki sinyal-sinyal yang dapat mengakibatkan missed communication antara ATC dan Pilot.

Jika tidak segera ditindaklanjuti, bagaimanakah pandangan masyarakat mengenai transportasi udara di negeri kita? Setelah sekian banyak tragedi tragis pesawat yang menabrak bumi. Tidakkah mereka berpikir ulang untuk menggunakan salah satu transportasi elit ini? Karena pada dasarnya, pesawat merupakan angkutan yang membawa banyak nyawa, merupakan tanggung jawab bersama demi menyelamatkan banyak passengers agar pesawat merupakan pilihan transportasi yang aman, nyaman dan praktis. Semoga setelah peristiwa SSJ100 tersebut, akan menjadi teguran bagi pihak yang terkait dalam memperbaiki dan mengevaluasi sistem terbaik yang dapat diandalkan. Sebab, teknologi super canggih pun bukan menjadi jaminan aman tidaknya sebuah penerbangan.
Oleh :Desy Purwati

Komunikasi Dalam Kecelakaan Penerbangan

Kecelakaan pesawat terbang Sukhoi Super Jet 100 yang terjadi di Gunung Salak Bogor menyentakkan kembali pentingnya keselamatan penerbangan. Keselamatan penerbangan adalah hal-hal yang berhubungan dengan keamanan dan keselamatan penerbangan dan pencegahan terjadinya kecelakaan penerbangan melalui pembuatan peraturan dan pelatihan.

Penerbangan merupakan media yang menjembatani jarak geografi antara tempat asal dengan tujuan melalui udara. Fungsi ini harus diikuti dengan terjaminnya orang maupun barang yang diangkut sampai ditempat tujuan dengan selamat. Tanpa itu fungsi angkutan udara tidak akan berarti.

Pelayanan Lalu Lintas Penerbangan (ATC) dan Penerbang (Pilot) dalam melaksanakan tugasnya harus senantiasa berpedoman kepada Peraturan Keselamatan Penerbangan Sipil (ACSR). Untuk tinggal landas (take off) dan pendaratan (landing) mengacu pada ketentuan jarak pandang minimal yang berlaku di bandar udara dan/atau sesuai dengan OCH/OCA pada prosedur pendaratan instrumen (IFP) bandar udara setempat.

Pada saat kecelakaan menimpa, keluarga korban berada dalam keadaan bingung, cemas dan putus asa. Dalam kondisi ini mereka butuh segala bentuk pertolongan dan uluran tangan. Mereka perlu informasi agar bisa mengambil tindakan dalam suasana yang bingung itu. Rasa aman dan dorongan motivasi sangat dinantikan oleh keluarga yang cemas tentang nasib keluarganya yang tertimpa musibah.

Pihak yang menjadi tumpuan harapan dan perlindungan adalah pemerintah. Pengelola negara ini dituntut mampu memberi rasa aman dan kepastian. Termasuk dalam memberikan informasi maupun petunjuk tindakan. Kesigapan dan ketegasan pemerintah menjadi tuntutan.

Melekatnya sejumlah harapan kepada pemerintah baik kondisi biasa maupun saat terjadi musibah itu membuat kehati-hatian patut menjadi pegangan para pejabat negara. Jangan sampai melakukan tindakan yang tidak bisa dipertanggunjawabkan.

Pemerintah perlu berkomunikasi dengan baik. Komunikasi dilakukan baik dengan pengelola transportasi, masyarakat pengguna dan juga keluarga korban kecelakaan. Robbins (1996) mengatakan bahwa penyelenggara pemerintahan harusnya menguasai karakteristik dalam komunikasi pemerintahan. Salah satu yang erat dengan kondisi ini adalah kepiawaian dalam menangani kondisi seburuk apapun termasuk berita jelek dan tidak menguntungkan.

Kepiawaian seperti ini bisa mengubah sesuatu yang buruk menjadi lebih baik. Akhirnya kemungkinan terjadinya kecelakaan bisa dicegah atau bila kecelakaan menimpa bisa meringankan beban para korban dan keluarganya.

Komunikasi yang efektif menjadi kebutuhan untuk mewujudkan hal di atas. Komunikasi efektif membutuhkan pendekatan faktual dan aktual. Maksudnya komunikasi pemerintahan tidak bisa meninggalkan realita. Informasi juga tidak boleh basi atau ketinggalan jaman. Perlu penguasaan dan pemahaman komunikasi komprehensif. Artinya pemahaman yang dilandasi kejujuran komunikasi dan komunikasi atas dasar hati nurani.

Komunikasi pemerintahan perlu memiliki karakter yang completeness atau lengkap baik data maupun medianya. Sifat lain claryteness yakni memiliki tingkat kejelasan yang tinggi serta sifat correctness atau memiliki nilai kebenaran yang bisa dipertanggungjawabkan. Hal ini akan menjaga agar pemerintahan bisa melakukan komunikasi dengan masyarakat dengan baik.

Negara ini didirikan adalah untuk melindungi segenap bangsa dan seluruh tumpah darahnya. Pemerintah sebagai pemegang amanat rakyat harus siap menjadi pelindung bagi rakyatnya. Muaranya rakyat akan merasa tenteram hidup dinegerinya sebagai sebuah negara bangsa.
oleh: Suyatno, SIP., M.Si


Pantai Ora, Surga Tersembunyi di Maluku

Pantai Ora, Surga Tersembunyi di Maluku




TIDAK perlu pergi jauh ke Hawaii atau Maladewa jika ingin menikmati keindahan surga dunia. Pantai Ora yang berlokasi di Pulau Seram, Maluku Tengah, menawarkan keindahan alam yang tak kalah dibanding keduanya. Kawasan pantai masih terawat dengan baik karena belum banyak wisatawan yang datang berkunjung. 

Tepat di atas perairan pantai yang jernih terdapat sejumlah resor berbentuk rumah panggung dengan material kayu. Suasana penginapan dan lingkungannya sangat nyaman sehingga cocok menjadi tempat bersantai sampil menenangkan pikiran.

Pada bagian bawah penginapan, pengunjung bisa menikmati pemandangan berupa terumbu karang dan ikan karang beraneka warna yang menghiasi dasar laut. Salah satu penginapan yang tersedia bernama Ora Beach Resort.

Selain melakukan kegiatan snorkeling, pengunjung bisa pula melintasi Sungai Salawai untuk menyaksikan proses pembuatan sagu, pengambilan buah kelapa, atau melihat ragam jenis burung di muara sungai Teluk Sulaiman.

Pengunjung juga bisa melakukan trekking menyusuri hutan di Sawai menuju Pusat Pendidikan dan Rehabilitasi Satwa di Dusun Masihulan, Sawai, dimana pengunjung bisa menemukan penangkaran burung kakaktua seram dan nuri seram.(*/X-14

Desa Wisata Sari Bunihayu

Berwisata sambil Mendekatkan Diri dengan Alam






BOSAN dengan suasana perkotaan? Berliburlah sejenak menikmati suasana pedesaan di Desa Wisata Sari Bunihayu, salah satu tempat rekreasi yang memiliki sarana cukup lengkap serta menawarkan keramahtamahan, kenyamanan, kesejukan dan keindahan lingkungan alam pedesaan.

Letaknya ada di Kecamatan Jalancagak Kabupaten Subang, tak jauh dari pemandian air panas alam Sari Ater dan objek wisata Gunung Tangkuban Perahu. Lokasinya terbilang strategis dan bisa digapai dengan mudah dari berbagai penjuru kota. Hanya butuh 3 menit dari jalan raya Bandung-Subang-Jakarta.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              desawisata-saribunihayu.com


Desa wisata menawarkan paket Nyukcruk Galur Mapay Lembur yang akan mengajak Anda berwisata sambil belajar. Anda bisa mempelajari seni dan budaya, menggunakan peralatan tradisional, 'ngawuluku’ atau belajar bercocok tanam, dan belajar mengenal tanaman dan buah langka, seperti somolo, matoa, gandaria, dan kawista.

Anda juga berkesempatan untuk menyaksikan seni dan budaya khas kabupaten Jawa Barat di atas penggung terbuka, Amphiteater.

Ragam kegiatan lain yang bisa dilakukan di sini seperti tea walk (melihat proses pengolahan teh), outbond & trackingcompany outing, family gathering, traditional fun games, dll.

Beberapa fasilitas pelengkap Sari Bunihayu antara lain villa, restaurant, meeting room, kolam renang, kolam ikan, taman bermain anak, kebun buah, little farmer, outbond land, dan toko cinderamata.(*/X-14) 

Pantai Watu Karung Tawarkan Ombak Kelas Dunia

Pantai Watu Karung Tawarkan Ombak Kelas Dunia








PANTAI Watu Karung menawarkan lokasi berselancar yang dijamin menjadi surga pagi parasurfer. Tak hanya menyajikan panorama indah berupa pulau-pulau karang, air laut berwarna biru kehijauan, dan pantai bersih dengan pasir putih halus, pantai memiliki 2 kawasan selancar dengan ombak kelas dunia.

Kawasannya tersembunyi di sepanjang garis pantai selatan Pacitan, Jawa Timur. Meski terbilang sulit dijangkau, upaya Anda akan terasa setimpal sesaat tiba dan melihat keindahannya. Karena belum banyak dijamah, pantai tak begitu ramai sehingga surfer bisa leluasa mengarungi ombak lautan.

Tipe ombaknya adalah reef break dan dasar lautnya berupa batu karang. Pada saat tertentu Pantai Watu Karung menghasilkan barrel yang pasti disenangi peselancar. Saat yang tepat untuk berselancar adalah pada bulan April hingga Oktober.

Baik peselancar dengan goofy style atau natural bisa berselancar di Pantai Watu Karung karena terdapat gulungan ombak kanan dan kiri. Terkadang Anda bisa berjumpa dengan ubur-ubur.

Jika ingin bekunjung, lakukan persiapan denga lengkap, baik makanan, minuman atau perlengkapan berselancar karena kawasan belum dilengkapi warung, restoran, hotel atau tempat penyewaan surf board. (*/X-14) 

Air Terjun Niagara Mini di Bandung

Air Terjun Niagara Mini di Bandung




Curug Malela, Bandung ---disparbud.jabarprov.go.id

ANDA tidak perlu terbang jauh ke Amerika untuk menikmati keindahan air terjun Niagara yang mendunia, karena Curug Malela di Bandung menawarkan pemandangan yang tak jauh berbeda. Kondisi curug dengan bebatuan berundak menampilkan keunikan tersendiri bagi yang melihat. 

Ketinggian curug mencapai 60m dengan lebar 70m. Meski ukurannya lebih kecil dibanding Niagara, namun keindahannya tak kalah. Lingkungan sekitar curug ditumbuhi pepohonan hijau sehingga membuatnya nampak asri. Keindahan alamnya berpadu dengan udara yang menyejukan.

Curug Malela terletak di Bandung Barat, tepatnya di Kampung Manglid, Desa Cicadas, Rongga. Lokasinya berada jauh dari permukiman. Anda harus terlebih dahulu melewati jalur yang terjal dan berbatu. Sehabis hujan biasanya jalanan becek dan berlumpur.

Konon, penamaan curug berasal dari salah seorang nama tokoh masyarakat sekitar, yakni Lord Spurs Malela.

Saat berkunjung Anda harus merasakan kesegaran air curug. Namun hindari berenang di bawah aliran air terjun karena sedikit berbahaya. Anda bisa berenang di kawasan yang tak jauh dari air terjun dimana keadaan air lebih tenang.

Bawalah persediaan makan dan minuman sendiri karena dikawasannya tak ditemukan warung atau kios. Sangat dilarang untuk membuang sampah bekas makanan sembarangan. Jagalah selalu kebersihan kawasan curug agar keindahannya tak terusak oleh sampah.(*/X-14) 

UNESCO Tetapkan Wakatobi Cagar Biosfer Dunia

UNESCO Tetapkan Wakatobi Cagar Biosfer Dunia


WANGI-WANGI--MICOM: Badan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (PBB) yang mengurus masalah pendidikan dan kebudayaan, UNESCO, menetapkan kawasan Taman Nasional (TN) Laut Wakatobi, Sulawesi Tenggara (Sultra), sebagai salah satu kawasan cagar biosfer dunia yang ada di Indonesia tanpa syarat. 

Bupati Wakatobi Hugua di Wangi-Wangi, Kamis (10/5), mengatakan UNESCO menetapkan kawasan TN Wakatobi seluas 1,3 juta hektare menjadi cagar biosfer dunia itu bersama 12 cagar biosfer lainnya di dunia.

Menurut Hugua, penetapan Wakatobi sebagai cagar biosfer dunia itu disepakati pada pertemuan Penasihat Internasional Komite untuk Biosphere Reserve Program MAB UNESCO ke-18 di Paris tanggal 2-4 April 2012.

"Pada pertemuan itu, ada 26 daerah yang dibahas menjadi cagar biosfer dunia, namun yang setujui hanya 13 daerah, termasuk Wakatobi. Lima daerah lainnya diterima dengan catatan dan lima lainnya ditolak," ujarnya.

Dengan ditetapkannya Wakatobi sebagai cagar biosfer dunia, maka di Indonesia pada Juli 2012 akan mempunyai sebanyak delapan cagar biosfer.

Ada tiga kepentingan yang dilindungi UNESCO dalam menetapkan TN Wakatobi sebagai pusat cagar biosfer dunia tersebut, antara lain kearifan lokal masyarakat, kelestarian lingkungan, dan kepentingan ekonomi masyarakat yang berkelanjutan.

"Kearifan lokal yang dilindungi di Wakatobi adalah menyangkut tradisi budaya masyarakat dalam memperlakukan alam dan mengambil sesuatu dari alam," katanya. (Ant/OL-5)

Hindari Penyebab Dada Terasa Terbaka



Hindari Penyebab Dada Terasa Terbakar
Penulis : Prita Daneswari

HEARTBURN, yang ditandai dengan rasa sakit dan sesak pada perut bagian atas dekat diafragma terasa mendesak seperti terbakar tentunya membuat kita tidak merasa nyaman.

Heart burn yang juga dikenal sebagai asam refluks kronis atau penyakit gastroesophageal reflux bisa mengakibatkan komplikasi serius.
Maka itu, daripada mencari pengobatan, lebih baik kita menghindari pemicunya. Apa sajakah itu?

1. Merokok
Selain heartburn, merokok adalah salah satu penyebab utama sakit maag. Merokok dapat melemahkan katup antara perut dan kerongkongan, membuat lemak mencerna garam empedu ke usus kecil sehingga menyebabkan heartburn.

2. Kebanyakan makan
Terlalu banyak makan, terutama makanan berlemak akan memicu heartburn. Piza ukuran besar dengan minuman bersoda mungkin terlihat seperti makanan ideal di waktu libur, tapi hati-hati, ini bisa menjadi salah satu alasan utama mengapa Anda mungkin menderita heartburn. Ditambah makanan berkalori, pertu Anda mungkin meregang.

3. Olahraga
Jika Anda menderita heartburn, jenis latihan seperti sit-up dapat memberikan tekanan ekstra pada perut, mendorong asam lambung kembali ke kerongkongan. Hal ini menyebabkan munculnya heartburn. Hindari juga latihan yang berhubungan dengan posisi tertentu seperti headstands dan yoga yang membalik aliran alami perut. Jangan pula berolahraga dengan perut kosong dan tunggu dua jam setelah makan.

4. Obat-obatan
Kadang-kadang, banyak mengonsumsi obat juga dapat menyebabkan heartburn. Konsumsi rutin obat-obatan seperti aspirin dan nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), ibuprofen, naproxen, dan Celebrex dapat menyebabkan heartburn. Maka itu, jangan sembarangan minum obat ini kecuali dengan resep dokter. (Pri/OL-06) 

May 8, 2012

Surfing


Surfing



A surfer performing a late drop

A surfer rides down a wave as it breaks

A surfer at the Cayucos Pier, Cayucos, California
Surfing is a surface water sport in which the surfer rides a surfboard on the crest and face of a wave, which is carrying the surfer towards the shore. Waves suitable for surfing are found primarily in the ocean, but are also sometimes found in lakes and rivers, and also in manmade wave pools.
Many variations of the sport may exist in certain areas and the definitions of what constitutes a suitable wave, and craft has expanded over the years. Bodysurfing involves riding the wave without a board, and is considered by some to be the purest form of surfing. Other variations that have existed for centuries include paipo boarding, stand up paddle surfing, and the use of boats or canoes to ride waves. More modern craft that are used include bodyboards, inflatable mats (surfmatting), and foils. As documented in various surfing documentaries (including "Fair Bits") other objects have occasionally been used instead of surfboards, including water skiis, wakeboards, desks, guitars, and doors. When more than one person uses the same craft to ride a wave together, it is known as "tandem" surfing.
Three major subdivisions within stand-up surfing are longboarding, shortboarding, and stand up paddle surfing (SUP), reflecting differences in board design, including surfboard length, riding style, and the kind of wave that is ridden.
In tow-in surfing (most often, but not exclusively, associated with big wave surfing), a motorized water vehicle, such as a personal watercraft, tows the surfer into the wave front, helping the surfer match a large wave's higher speed, which is generally a speed that a self-propelled surfer cannot match.
Surfing-related sports such as paddleboarding and sea kayaking do not require waves, and other derivative sports such as kitesurfing and windsurfing rely primarily on wind for power, yet all of these platforms may also be used to ride waves.
Recently with the use of V-drive boats, wake surfing, in which one surfs on the wake of a boat, has emerged.

Polynesia

For centuries surfing was a central part of ancient Polynesian culture. Surfing might have been first observed by Europeans at Tahiti in 1767 by Samuel Wallis and the crew members of the Dolphin who were the first Europeans to visit the island in June 1767. Another candidate is the botanist Joseph Banks[1] being part of the First voyage of James Cook on the HMS Endeavour, who arrived on 10 April 1769 on Tahiti. Lieutenant James King was the first one who wrote about the art of surfing on Hawaii when completing the journals of Captain James Cook upon Cook's death in 1779.
When Mark Twain visited Hawaii in 1866 he wrote,
"In one place we came upon a large company of naked natives, of both sexes and all ages, amusing themselves with the national pastime of surf-bathing."[2]
References to surf riding on planks and single canoe hulls are also verified for pre-contact Samoa, where surfing was called fa'ase'e or se'egalu (see Kramer, Samoa Islands) and Tonga far pre-dating the practice of surfing by Hawaiians and eastern Polynesians by over a thousand years.
The man known as "The Pioneer of Modern Surfing" is the Hawaiian Duke Kahanamoku, who was a Gold medal winning Olympic swimmer who brought surfing into the public consciousness in the form it is currently known.

Surf waves

Photo of surfer catapulted from now-inverted board
A surfer wipes out
Photo of wave breaking in turbulent waters
A wave breaking.
Photo of taller-than-human-sized wave breaking with several watching surfers in foreground
A large wave breaking
Swell is generated when wind blows consistently over a large area of open water, called the wind's fetch. The size of a swell is determined by the strength of the wind and the length of its fetch and duration. Because of this, surf tends to be larger and more prevalent on coastlines exposed to large expanses of ocean traversed by intense low pressure systems.
Local wind conditions affect wave quality, since the surface of a wave can become choppy in blustery conditions. Ideal conditions include a light to moderate "offshore" wind, because it blows into the front of the wave, making it a "barrel" or "tube" wave. Waves are Left handed and Right Handed.
The most important influence on wave shape is the topography of the seabed directly behind and immediately beneath the breaking wave. The contours of the reef or bar front becomes stretched by diffraction. Each break is different, since each location's underwater topography is unique. At beach breaks, sandbanks change shape from week to week. Surf forecastingis aided by advances in information technology. Mathematical modeling graphically depicts the size and direction of swells around the globe.
Swell regularity varies across the globe and throughout the year. During winter, heavy swells are generated in the mid-latitudes, when the North and South polar fronts shift toward theEquator. The predominantly Westerly winds generate swells that advance Eastward, so waves tend to be largest on West coasts during winter months. However, an endless train ofmid-latitude cyclones cause the isobars to become undulated, redirecting swells at regular intervals toward the tropics.
East coasts also receive heavy winter swells when low-pressure cells form in the sub-tropics, where slow moving highs inhibit their movement. These lows produce a shorter fetch than polar fronts, however they can still generate heavy swells, since their slower movement increases the duration of a particular wind direction. The variables of fetch and duration both influence how long wind acts over a wave as it travels, since a wave reaching the end of a fetch behaves as if the wind died.
During summer, heavy swells are generated when cyclones form in the tropics. Tropical cyclones form over warm seas, so their occurrence is influenced by El Niño & La Niña cycles. Their movements are unpredictable. They can move Westward as in 1979, when Tropical Cyclone Kerry wandered for three weeks across the Coral Sea and into Queensland before dissipating.
Surf travel and some surf camps offer surfers access to remote, tropical locations, where tradewinds ensure offshore conditions. Since winter swells are generated by mid-latitude cyclones, their regularity coincides with the passage of these lows. Swells arrive in pulses, each lasting for a couple of days, with a few days between each swell.
The availability of free model data from the NOAA has allowed the creation of several surf forecasting websites.

Wave intensity

Drawing showing cross-section of a wave with the top curling from left to right over an air-filled region known as its tube. The tube contains one double-headed arrow pointing to the lower left and upper right labeled width and a second point to upper left and lower right labeled length.
The geometry of tube shape can be represented as a ratio between length and width. A perfectly cylindrical vortex has a ratio of 1:1, while the classic almond-shaped tube is nearer 3:1. When width exceeds length, the tube is described as "square".
Classification parameters
  • Tube shape defined by length to width ratio
    • Square: <1:1
    • Round: 1-2:1
    • Almond: >2:1
  • Tube speed defined by angle of peel line
    • Fast: 30°
    • Medium: 45°
    • Slow: 60°
Wave intensity table

FastMediumSlow
SquareThe CobraTeahupooShark Island
RoundSpeedies, GnaralooBanzai Pipeline
AlmondLagundri Bay, SuperbankJeffreys Bay, Bells BeachAngourie Point

Artificial reefs

The value of good surf in attracting surf tourism has prompted the construction of artificial reefs and sand bars. Artificial surfing reefs can be built with durable sandbags or concrete, and resemble a submerged breakwater. These artificial reefs not only provide a surfing location, but also dissipate wave energy and shelter the coastline from erosion. Ships such as Seli 1 that have accidentally stranded on sandy bottoms, can create sandbanks that give rise to good waves.[3]
An artificial reef known as Chevron Reef, was constructed in El Segundo, California in hopes of creating a new surfing area. Howevever the reef failed to produce any quality waves and was removed in 2008. In Kovalam, South West India, an artificial reef has however successfully provided the local community with a quality lefthander, stabilized coastal soil erosion, and provided good habitat for marine life.[4] ASR Ltd., a New Zealand based company, constructed the Kovalam reef and is working on another reef in Boscombe, England.
Even with artificial reefs in place, a tourist's vacation time can sometimes coincide with a "flat spell", such that there are no waves available. Completely artificial Wave pools aim to solve that problem by controlling all the elements that go into creating perfect surf, however there are only a handful of wave pools that can simulate good surfing waves, owing primarily to construction and operation costs and potential liability. Most wave pools generate waves that are too small and lack the proper power to actually surf. The Seagaia Ocean Dome, located in Miyazaki, Japan, was an example of a surfable wave pool. Able to generate waves with up to 10 foot faces, the specialized pump held water in 20 vertical tanks positioned along the back edge of the pool. This allowed the waves to be directed as they approach the artificial sea floor. Lefts, Rights, and A-frames could be directed from this pump design providing for rippable surf and barrel rides. The Ocean Dome cost about $2 billion to build and was expensive to maintain.[5] The Ocean Dome was closed in 2007.

Surfers and surf culture

Photo of back of human wrist and hand. The thumb and pinkie are extended and the other fingers are folded against the palm.
The Shaka sign.
Surfers represent a diverse culture based on riding the waves. Some people practice surfing as a recreational activity while others make it the central focus of their lives. Within the United States, surfing culture is most dominant in Hawaii and California because these two states offer the best surfing conditions. However, waves can be found wherever there is coastline, and a tight-knit yet far-reaching subculture of surfers has emerged throughout America. Some historical markers of the culture included the woodie, the station wagon used to carry surfers' boards, as well as boardshorts, the long swim shorts typically worn while surfing.
The sport of surfing now represents a multi-billion dollar industry especially in clothing and fashion markets. The Association of Surfing Professionals (ASP) runs the world tour, hosting only the best competitors in some of the best surf spots around the globe. Other people make a career out of surfing by receiving corporate sponsorships and performing for photographers and videographers in far-flung destinations; they are typically referred to as freesurfers.
When the waves were flat, surfers persevered with sidewalk surfing, which is now called skateboarding. Sidewalk surfing has a similar feel to surfing and requires only a paved road or sidewalk. To create the feel of the wave, surfers even sneak into empty backyard swimming pools to ride in, known as pool skating. Eventually, surfing made its way to the slopes with the invention of the Snurfer, later credited as the first snowboard. Many other board sports have been invented over the years, but all can trace their heritage back to surfing.

Maneuvers


A surfer at Mavericks
Surfing begins when the surfer paddles toward shore in an attempt to match the speed of the wave. Once the wave begins to carry the surfer forward, the surfer stands up and proceeds to ride the wave. The basic idea is to position the surfboard so it is just ahead of the breaking part (white water) of the wave. A common problem for beginners is being able to catch the wave at all.
A surfer is respected if he catches a wave in the middle and maneuvers his way to the shoulder (or edge) of the breaking wave. Conversely, a surfer who takes off on the shoulder often becomes an obstacle for more skilled surfers taking off in the 'impact zone' and is deemed a shoulder hopper. Surfers' skills are tested by their ability to control their board in challenging conditions, riding challenging waves, and executing maneuvers such as strong turns and cutbacks (turning board back to the breaking wave) and carving (a series of strong back-to-back maneuvers). More advanced skills include the floater (riding on top of the breaking curl of the wave), and off the lip (banking off the breaking wave). A newer addition to surfing is the progression of the air whereby a surfer propels off the wave entirely and re-enters the wave.
Surf ouakam.ogg
Riding a small tube.
The tube ride is considered to be the ultimate maneuver in surfing. As a wave breaks, if the conditions are ideal, the wave will break in an orderly line from the middle to the shoulder, enabling the experienced surfer to position him / her self actually inside the wave as it is breaking. This is known as a tube ride. If you are watching from shore, the tube rider may disappear from view as the wave breaks over the rider's head. If the surfer succeeds in bulleting out of the tube, it was a great ride. The longer the surfer remains in the tube, the more successful the ride. Some of the world's best known waves for tube riding include Pipeline on the North shore of Oahu, Teahupoo in Tahiti and G-Land in Java. Other names for the tube include "the barrel", and "the curl".
When a surfer gets a tube ride, it is often referred to as getting tubed or getting barreled.
Hanging ten and Hanging five are moves usually specific to long boarding and is considered [6] one of the most impressive and iconic stunts one can perform. Hanging Ten refers to having both feet on the front end of the board with all of the surfer's toes off the edge, also known as [nose-riding]. Hanging Five is having just one foot near the front, with five toes off the edge.
Cutback: Generating speed down the line and then turning back to reverse direction.
Floater: Suspending the board atop the wave. Very popular on small waves.
Top-Turn: Turn off the top of the wave. Sometimes used to generate speed and sometimes to shoot spray.
Air / Aerial: Launching the board off the wave entirely, then re-entering the wave. Various airs include ollies, lien airs, method airs, and other skateboard-like maneuvers.

]Surfing terms

See Glossary of surfing
Photo of surfer at bottom of wave, attempting to let tube envelop him
A surfer going for the tube

Learning to surf

Many popular surfing destinations have surf schools and surf camps that offer lessons. Surf camps for beginners and intermediates are multi-day lessons that focus on surfing fundamentals. They are designed to take new surfers and help them become proficient riders. All-inclusive surf camps offer overnight accommodations, meals, lessons and surfboards. Most surf lessons begin by instructors pushing students into waves on longboards. The longboard is considered the ideal surfboard for learning, due to the fact it has more paddling speed and stability than shorter boards. Funboards are also a popular shape for beginners as they combine the volume and stability of the longboard with the manageable size of a smaller surfboard.[7]
Typical surfing instruction is best performed one-on-one, but can also be done in a group setting. Popular surf locations offer perfect surfing conditions for beginners, as well as challenging breaks for advanced students. Surf spots more conducive to instruction typically offer conditions suitable for learning, most importantly, sand bars or sandy bottom breaks with consistent waves.
Surfing can be broken into several skills: drop in positioning to catch the wave, the pop-up, and positioning on the wave. Paddling out requires strength but also the mastery of techniques to break through oncoming waves (duck diving, eskimo roll). Drop in positioning requires experience at predicting the wave set and where they will break. The surfer must pop up quickly as soon as the wave starts pushing the board forward. Preferred positioning on the wave is determined by experience at reading wave features including where the wave is breaking.[8]
Balance plays a crucial role in standing on a surfboard. Thus, balance training exercises are a good preparation. Practicing with a Balance board or swing boarding helps novices master the art.

Equipment

Photo of man bent over surfboard rubbing bar of solid wax against the board with palm trees and ocean in background
Waxing a surfboard
Photo of dozens of surfboards on rack. Each board is perpendicular to the ground and parallel to the other boards. Ocean in background.
Longboards at Waikiki beach
Surfing can be done on various equipment, including surfboards, longboards, Stand Up Paddle boards (SUP's), bodyboards, wave skis, skimboards, kneeboards, surf mats and macca's trays.
Surfboards were originally made of solid wood and were large and heavy (often up to 12 ft or 3.7 m long and 150 lb or 68 kg). Lighter balsa wood surfboards (first made in the late 1940s and early 1950s) were a significant improvement, not only in portability, but also in increasing maneuverability.
Most modern surfboards are made of polyurethane foam (PU), with one or more wooden strips or "stringers", fiberglass cloth, and polyester resin (PE). An emerging board material isepoxy resin and Expanded PolyStyrene foam (EPS) which is stronger and lighter than traditional PU/PE construction. Even newer designs incorporate materials such as carbon fiber and variable-flex composites in conjunction with fiberglass and epoxy or polyester resins.
Since epoxy/EPS surfboards are generally lighter, they will float better than a traditional PU/PE board of similar size, shape and thickness. This makes them easier to paddle and faster in the water. However, a common complaint of EPS boards is that they do not provide as much feedback as a traditional PU/PE board. For this reason, many advanced surfers prefer that their surfboards be made from traditional materials.
Other equipment includes a leash (to stop the board from drifting away after a wipeout, and to prevent it from hitting other surfers), surf wax, traction pads (to keep a surfer's feet from slipping off the deck of the board), and fins (also known as skegs) which can either be permanently attached (glassed-on) or interchangeable.
Sportswear designed or particularly suitable for surfing may be sold as boardwear (the term is also used in snowboarding). In warmer climates, swimsuits, surf trunks or boardshorts are worn, and occasionally rash guards; in cold water surfers can opt to wear wetsuits, boots, hoods, and gloves to protect them against lower water temperatures. A newer introduction is a rash vest with a thin layer of titanium to provide maximum warmth without compromising mobility.
There are many different surfboard sizes, shapes, and designs in use today. Modern longboards, generally 9 to 10 feet (3.0 m) in length, are reminiscent of the earliest surfboards, but now benefit from modern innovations in surfboard shaping and fin design. Competitive longboard surfers need to be competent at traditional walking maneuvers, as well as the short-radius turns normally associated with shortboard surfing.
The modern shortboard began life in the late 1960s and has evolved into today's common thruster style, defined by its three fins, usually around 6 to 7 feet (1.8 to 2.1 m) in length. The thruster was invented by Australian shaper Simon Anderson.
Midsize boards, often called funboards, provide more maneuverability than a longboard, with more floation than a shortboard. While many surfers find that funboards live up to their name, providing the best of both surfing modes, others are critical.
"It is the happy medium of mediocrity," writes Steven Kotler. "Funboard riders either have nothing left to prove or lack the skills to prove anything."[9]
There are also various niche styles, such as the Egg, a longboard-style short board targeted for people who want to ride a shortboard but need more paddle power. The Fish, a board which is typically shorter, flatter, and wider than a normal shortboard, often with a split tail (known as a swallow tail). The Fish often has two or four fins and is specifically designed for surfing smaller waves. For big waves there is the Gun, a long, thick board with a pointed nose and tail (known as a pin tail) specifically designed for big waves.

Famous surfing locations

Arugam Bay, Ullae (Pottuvil, Sri Lanka)

A small fishing village up to recently only known to some die hard surfers. For which AbaY counted as Asia's Surfing Mecca, ever since the 1960s. Due to Sri Lanka's long civil war this remote half moon shaped Bay has been almost unknown to any other visitors and tourists. The consistent swell, long runs, shark free, permanently warm (28C) crystal clear waters, relaxed life onshore and budget accommodation however has elevated Arugam Bay onto the international surfer's map. In June 2010 ASP (Association of Surfing Professionals) held a successful international competition at A-Bay – as it's known – which was won by Australian Julian Wilson. [1]. Arugam Bay is often mentioned to be in the top 10 of the world's surf spots, due to a basket of favorable factors. The average wave height however rarely exceeds 3–4 Meters. Most of the resort was wiped off in the 2004 Tsunami when AbaY suffered a direct hit by a 16–18 Meter wave, caused by its long coral reef located at the Main Surf Point also known as "Upali's" point. Other known surf breaks nearby are Pottuvil Point, Whisky Point, Okanda Bay, Panama, Green Room, Urani. "Arugam Surf" is Sri Lanka's first and rather remarkable, popular Facebook page with 27,000 fans giving almost daily updates of relevant events from the Bay itself.

Bells Beach (Victoria, Australia)

Although the final scene of the film Point Break is set at Bells Beach, the scene was not filmed there. Bells Beach is a straight stretch and the beach in the film is a cove with spruce trees atop a hill. The actual location of the film was a beach called Indian Beach, in Ecola State Park, located in Cannon Beach, Oregon, USA. Bells Beach is visited in the 1966 documentary film The Endless Summer.
Bells Beach is the home of the world's longest-running surfing competition – the Rip Curl Pro Surf & Music Festival. The event was formerly known as the Bells Beach Surf Classic. The competition was first held in January 1961 and then at Easter every year since although occasionally, when conditions at Bells aren't suitable, the competition has been transferred to other breaks such as Johanna.
As early as 1939 surfers from Torquay made their way to Bells but access was a considerable problem until 1960 when Torquay surfers and Olympic wrestler Joe Sweeney hired a bulldozer and cleared a road along the Bells cliff [1] from the Cobb & Co Road, where the concrete wave now stands, down to the beach. He charged one pound per surfer to recover his expenses. This is now part of the Torquay to Anglesea walking track.
Nearby surf breaks include "Southside", "Centreside", "Rincon", "Winki Pop", (Uppers and Lowers), Boobs and Steps. Although Bells is known internationally as one of the best breaks in Victoria, "Winki Pop" often works better under more diverse conditions than the other nearby breaks.[citation needed]
In 1988 a group of local surfers who were concerned about the human impact that tourism was having on the Bells Beach Surfing Reserve started a group called Surfers Appreciating the Natural Environment. Since 1988 they have met monthly to revegetate the reserve in an effort to bring it back to its original state. They have planted over 100,000 plants there to date.

Jeffreys Bay (Eastern Cape, South Africa)

The break is regarded as one of the best right-hand point breaks in the entire world, in both consistency and quality, in season. It has been divided up into several sections, including, from the top of the point, Kitchen Windows, Magna tubes, Boneyards, Supertubes, Impossibles, Tubes, the Point, and Albatross. "Supertubes", which itself breaks for about 300m or more, is regarded as the best part of the wave. On rare occasions (large wave sizes, wide-breaking waves, and even swells), Boneyards can link up all the way to the Point for a ride over one kilometer long. The most consistent waves occur between about May to mid September, also often coinciding with offshore winds, although good waves can occasionally occur at other times of the year.[citation needed]
The initial discovery and promotion of the wave is curious. Another nearby right hand point wave at St. Francis Bay (Bruce's Beauty) was first idolised and promoted in the cult classic surf movie The Endless Summer in the 1960s (although both Jeffreys Bay and St. Francis Bay were probably surfed much earlier). Surfers who travelled to the area soon stumbled upon the nearby Jeffreys Bay surf break, which was found to be not only a faster, more powerful, and hollower wave, but also much more consistent.

La Libertad (El Salvador, Central America)


Surfers in La Libertad. El Salvador is considered a surfers' paradise, having the best waves in the continent, and is considered one of the top ten beaches in the world.
El Puerto is home to one of the best right points in Central America, known for its fast hollow, pulsing, over 30-second ride waves. Punta Roca (also called "La Punta" by local surfers) has been the perfect spot for many known surfers who back in the 1970s discovered the point with only a few local surfers brave enough to venture into its rocky bottom plane. It is known that legend Gerry Lopez, travelled frequently to this surf spot back in the 1970s encouraging a new wave of locals to get into the sport. By the 1980s, El Salvador went through a civil war, and getting to the point was rather dangerous slowing visitors, and with that, a scarcity of surf boards to the locals whose only means of getting a surf board was by travelers leaving them behind in exchange of guidance and accommodations. Local legend, "Yepi" was one the first of his generation to take on full self-support and help maintain the sport, a popular activity among locals. Locals have also been increasing the popularity of the sport throughout the country by offering custom surf tours to tourists and visitors in the region.
The main wave extends from La Punta to the township, a distance of about 800m, although single rides do not normally connect along this whole distance. On a good 6 to 8 feet day (Hawaiian scale), the top part of the point produces the best waves, giving a ride of about 300m or more. The wave features a relatively easy takeoff with long, fast, powerful walls, with longer hollow barrels on the best days. This wave works from about 3 to 12 feet (Hawaiian scale), and can barrel anywhere along the point, but most often closest to the takeoff area. The main takeoff is close to a dangerous rock which often sticks out of the water, and has caused injuries. It works on all tides, although low tide probably has more barrels. The wave is unusual in that it often breaks at a slight angle to the shoreline, hitting it slightly squarely, creating powerful and fast walls. It can be difficult to get out the back in large swells, and the rocky shoreline is notorious for its rather difficult entry.
Further down the point are a few other breaks, including next to the cemetery and in the town itself. These are less crowded and can produce waist-high waves on occasions, but the world-class section of the point is way on the outside.
Other surf spots around the region include: Conchalio, La Paz, San Diego, EL Zunzal, La Bocana, El Zonte



The famous break of Mavericks
Maverick's or Mavericks is a world-famous surfing location in Northern California. It is located approximately one-half mile (0.8 km) from shore in Pillar Point Harbor, just North ofHalf Moon Bay at the village of Princeton-By-The-Sea. After a strong winter storm in the Northern Pacific Ocean, waves can routinely crest at over 25 feet (8m) and top out at over 50 feet (15m). The break is caused by an unusually-shaped underwater rock formation.

Pipeline (Oahu, Hawaii)

Pipeline is a surf reef break located in Hawaii, off Ehukai Beach Park in Pupukea on O'ahu's North Shore. The spot is notorious and famous for its huge waves breaking in shallow water just above its sharp and cavernous reef, forming large, hollow and thick curls of water that surfers can ride inside of. There are three reefs at Pipeline in progressively deeper water further out to sea that activate at various power levels applied by ocean swells.

Teahupoʻo (Tahiti)

Teahupoʻo (pronounced cho-po) is a world-renowned surfing location off the South West of the island of Tahiti, French Polynesia, southern Pacific Ocean. It is known for its heavy, glassy waves, often reaching 2 to 3 m (7 to 10 ft) and higher. It is the site of the annual Billabong Pro Tahiti surf competition, part of the World Championship Tour (WCT) of the ASP World Tour professional surfing circuit.

Zicatela Beach (Mexican Pipeline)

Zicatela is a beach located in the town of Puerto Escondido, Oaxaca. Nicknamed the "Mexican Pipeline" due to the similar power and shape of the Banzai Pipeline on the North Shore of Oahu, the wave that breaks on Zicatela Beach draws an international crowd of surfers, bodyboarders and their entourages. Mid to late summer is low season for tourists, but a prime time for waves and international tournaments. A number of international competitions such as theESPN X Games, and the MexPipe Challenge have taken place.

Costa da Caparica (Almada, Portugal)


The famous breaking waves of Caparica Beaches, in Portugal.
Caparica Beaches are popular Atlantic beaches located on Portugal's Almada coast, near Lisbon. The Caparica Coast, with part of the Protected Landscape of the Ancient Beach of Costa da Caparica, is visible the Convent of the Capuchos. The beach has preferred surfing conditions and is also popular for windsurfing, and kitesurfing. The International Surf Center is based in Caparica.

Supertubos (Peniche, Portugal)

The little fishing town of Peniche it’s probably the most renowned surfing area in the country. Originally an island, Peniche became one with the mainland due to the silting up of the shallow channel that divided it from the rest of the country. Today that short and narrow spit of land contains an obscene amount of wave variety that can provide the goods in almost any conditions. Most famous is Supertubos, regarded by many as one of Europe’s best beach breaks, but there are plenty of other barrels to pull into around Peniche. Peniche is a year round destination with swell exposure on the north side of the town and shelter on the south. The town also sits at the dividing point between the cooler and wetter north and the dry, sunny south meaning that summers are long but tempered by cool sea breezes and the winters mild though occasionally stormy. Supertubos is considered the best wave in Portugal and one of the best in Europe. It is a fast and tubular wave which breaks on a hollow sand bank. It works best with SW swells and N, NE or NW winds.Andy Irons, Kelly Slater and Mick Fanning made frequent appearances in the Supertubos surf competitions. Know the local Surfers

Dangers

Drowning

Surfing, like all water sports, carries the inherent danger of drowning. (Anyone at any age can learn to surf, but must have at least intermediate swimming skills.) Although the board assists a surfer in staying buoyant, it cannot be relied on for floation if it becomes separated from the user.[10] The leash, which is attached at the ankle, keeps the surfer connected to the board for convenience but does not prevent drowning. Surfers should be careful to remain in smaller surf until they've acquired the advanced skills necessary to handle bigger waves and challenging conditions.
Top surfers have drowned in extremely challenging conditions. Some drownings occurred as a result of leashes tangling with reefs, holding the surfer underwater. In very large waves such as Waimea or Mavericks, a leash may be undesirable, because the water can drag the board for long distances, holding the surfer underneath the wave.

Collisions

Photo of surfer catapulted into the air with feet higher than head at 45 degree angle to surface
A surfer exiting a closeout
Under the wrong set of conditions, anything that a surfer's body can come in contact with is potentially a danger, including sand bars, rocks, reefs, surfboards, and other surfers.[11] Collisions with these objects can sometimes cause injuries such as cuts and scrapes and in rare instances, death.
A large number of injuries, up to 66%,[12] are caused by collision with a surfboard (nose or fins). Fins can cause deep lacerations and cuts, as well as bruising. While these injuries can be minor, they can open the skin to infection from the sea; groups like Surfers Against Sewage campaign for cleaner waters to reduce the risk of infections. Local bugs and disease can be a dangerous factor when surfing around the globe.[13]
Falling off a surfboard or colliding with others, is commonly referred to as a wipeout.

Marine life

Sea life can sometimes cause injuries and even fatalities. Animals such as sharks,[14] stingrays, Weever fish, seals and jellyfish can sometimes present a danger.[15] Surfers do the "Stingray Shuffle," where they shuffle their feet in the sand as they head out to catch waves to scare away the stingrays that may be relaxing in the warm, shallow water.[16]

Rip currents

Rip currents can endanger both experienced and inexperienced surfers. Rip currents are water channels that flow away from the shore. Since these currents lurk in seemingly calm waters, tired or inexperienced swimmers or surfers can be swept away. A rip current can have a width of up to forty or fifty feet. However, by paddling parallel to the shore, a surfer can easily escape the rip current. Alternatively, surfers use rips to help them get out to waves.[17]

Seabed

The seabed can pose dangers for surfers. If a surfer falls while riding a wave, the wave will then toss him around, usually downwards. At reef breaks and beach breaks, surfers have been seriously injured or even killed because of a violent collision with the sea bed, the water above which can sometimes be very shallow, especially on beach breaks during low tide. Cyclops, Western Australia, for example is one of the biggest and thickest reef breaks in the world, with waves measuring up to 10 metres high, and yet the reef below is only about 2 meters (6 feet) below the surface of the water.